History Dukes and Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg. the Elector of Hanover, but the Wolfenbüttel line retained its independence from Hanover. In 1700 and 1701, when the English Parliament had addressed the question of an orderly succession, with a particular religious bias toward a Protestant ruler, from the childless ruling Queen Anne (House of Stuart), it passed the provisions of the Act of Settlement 1701 to Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I. Sophia predeceased Queen Anne by a few weeks, but her son and heir, George I, succeeded as King of Great Britain when Anne, his second cousin, died in August 1714. During the first half of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Hanover was ruled as personal union by the British crown from its creation under George III of the United Kingdom, the last elector of Hanover until the death of William IV in 1837. It was united with the Principality of Calenberg, which had been elevated in 1692 into the Electorate. Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria from 1120–1126, was the first of the three dukes of the Welf dynasty called Henry.His wife Wulfhild was the heiress of the house of Billung, possessing the territory around Lüneburg in Lower Saxony. I don't like waiting that long but c ustoms in your country can and maybe slow (they certainly are in Canada). The text included all the domains, estates, etc of Brunswick were transferred to Geveva. But his younger brother, Brother of Albert III, regent on behalf of his nephew, Eric. Shared rule with his brother John. To the north this new state bordered on the County of Hoya near Nienburg and extended from there in a narrow, winding strip southwards up the River Leine through Wunstorf and Hanover where it reached the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. Hanover being the Junior branch, and Wolfenbüttel the Elder. Left no descendants. In the early game, neighbours like Saxony and Lüneburg are prime targets for PUs. His son, Christian Louis, inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from George's brother. Media in category "Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" The following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was formed out of the possessions of senior branch of the House of Brunswick. Lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved. In 1269 divided the land with him, and became Prince of Brunswick. To reinforce his claim married the widow of the previous duke, Katherine. The title "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg" (German: Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg) was held, from 1235 on, by various members of the Welf family who ruled several small territories in northwest Germany.These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a state, being neither compact nor indivisible. The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany. Anna passed away on November 6 … Frederick William's son Charles (a minor at the time of his father's death) became the first Duke of independent Brunswick. In 1432 the estates gained by the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel between the Deister and Leine split away as the Principality of Calenberg. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his cousin Frederick Ulrich, who had left no descendants. PIC is the international leader in the provision of continuous genetic improvement in pig breeding stock and in world class technical support to the global pork supply chain. When the main line of descent became extinct in 1884, the German Emperor withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover, from takin… [16] The blue lion of Lüneburg was adopted by John I of Lüneburg, who based his coat of arms on the coat of arms of Denmark to emphasise his kinship with the Danish kings. Lüneburg, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany.It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) south of Hamburg.Known as Luniburc in ad 956, it expanded in the 12th century under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony.It was chartered in 1247 and was the residence of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg until 1371. Grubenhagen is definitively annexed to Lüneburg. The territories of Calenberg and Lüneburg-Celle were made an Electorate by the Emperor Leopold I in 1692 in expectation of the imminent inheritance of Celle by the Duke of Calenberg, though the actual dynastic union of the territories did not occur until 1705 under his son George I Louis, and the Electorate was not officially approved by the Imperial Diet until 1708. As a result, Prussia was unwilling to let George V of Hanover or his son, Ernest Augustus, succeed to Brunswick. Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1845-1923. In 1440 Henry V divided Grubenhagen with his brother, Albert. In 1814 it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Hanover. Again important possessions were gained in (Lower) Saxony by the marriage of Henry the Black to Wulfhilde of Saxony (d 1126), daughter of the last member of the House of Billung, who had been Dukes of Saxony for five generations. Verzeichniss der Doubletten der Königlichen Privat-Bibliothek, [ca. Abdicated to his sons in 1491. In 1495 it was expanded around Göttingen and in 1584 went back to the Wolfenbüttel Line. Extraits der notes et ..." pgs 411-412 etc. The whole world unanimously honored his will which stated Hanover and his brother were (after having been condemned to death) not his natural family. Brunswick is a small, landlocked country in the North Germany region. Henry the Lion's grandson Otto the Child became duke of a part of Saxony in 1235, the new Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and died there in 1252.The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf. After the latter's death William took his lands. This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 22:04. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover. In 1428, Bernard recovered Luneburg from his nephews. Found in the collection of Bomann Museum Celle. 1630–1636. Ruler of the only land that was still not in Hanoverian lands, to which it would never belong. Displayed on the shield are, from left to right, the blue lion of Lüneburg, the two lions of Brunswick, and the arms of the Counts of Eberstein, Homburg, Diepholz (upper half), Lauterberg, Hoya and Bruchhausen, Diepholz (lower half), Honstein, Regenstein, Klettenberg and Blankenburg. The land passed to his brother, Frederick IV. Not to be confused with Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. As such it consisted of the Principalities of Lüneburg (Celle), … In 1692 Duke Ernest Augustus from the Calenberg Line acquired the right to be a prince-elector as the Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1463, attached the. The title "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg" (German: Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg) was held, from 1235 on, by various members of the Welf (Guelph) family who ruled several small territories in northwest Germany.These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a modern unitary state, being neither compact nor indivisible. ): This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 23:03. www.osullivanagenices.com Get premium, high … He then gave Calenberg to his next brother, John Frederick. As he left no male heirs, the land passed to his younger brother, Ernest Augustus. Younger son of William VI. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover.When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen, and in 1636 he moved his residence to Hanover.His son, Duke Ernest Augustus, was elevated to prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. In 1714, the Hanoverian branch of the family succeeded to the throne of Great Britain, which they ruled in personal union with Hanover until 1837. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his father. Brunswick belongs almost entirely to the basin of the river Weser, into which the Oker, the Aller and the Leine, having their sources in the Harz, discharge their waters. ), This article is about the German states ruled by the various Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg. The southernmost principality in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg stretched from Münden in the south down the River Weser to Holzminden. [18] Due to the legend associated with it, the white horse became a very popular symbol among the population of Brunswick, even more so than the lions.[19]. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. In 1569 Henry founded the duchy of. Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Brunswick and Lüneburg. The districts were further subdivided into cities or towns (Städte) and more rural townships (Ämter). In 1866 Prussia annexed the territories and refused to recognize the Kingdom of Hanover or any of those new titles. The territory assigned to the Electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya. Proofread by Angela Rubenstein, February 1997. In 1705 reunited his father-in-law's princedom of Lüneburg to the Electorate. Joined Wolfenbüttel to his domains in 1485, when he imprisoned his brother. [21] The new lesser coat of arms introduced under William VIII was a return to the arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg, displayed on a crowned shield supported by two lions. When his brother, Christian Louis died childless in 1665, George William inherited Luneburg. While the number of voters was limited by a system of census suffrage to about 40% of Brunswick's male population, the parliament of Brunswick was granted more rights than in most other German states at the time and the duke's budget and powers were significantly limited.[3]. Sybille of Brunswick-Lüneburg: William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3 June 1584 23 November 1617 19 January 1598 husband's death: 5 August 1652 Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst: Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst 25 September 1607 26 October 1623 11 August 1634 husband inherits Wolfenbüttel: 26 September 1634 Augustus II This was an additional title to the representation of their actual territorial lordship. [1], In the aftermath of the July Revolution in 1830, Charles finally had to abdicate. He was the last Catholic of his family. Other country dishes in the coastal region are Steckrübeneintopf and Birnen, Bohnen und Speck, both types of stew. The Wolfenbüttel principality had for the period from 1807 to 1813 been held as part of the Kingdom of Westphalia. Shared rule with his brother Albert. After the murder of their brother Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, brothers Bernard and Henry redivided the land, Henry receiving the territory of Wolfenbüttel. After his death,according to the treaty, the duchy was returned to the Welfs. After several early divisions, Brunswick-Lüneburg re-unified under Duke Magnus II (d. 1373). With no male heirs, after his death Gottingen is absorbed by, Sons of Henry III, ruled jointly. They were made Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. The various parts of the duchy were further divided and re-united over the centuries, all of them being ruled by the Welf or Guelph dynasty, who maintained close relations with one another—not infrequently by marrying cousins—a practice far more common than is the case today, even among the peasantry of the Holy Roman Empire, for the salic inheritance laws in effect, encouraged the practice of retaining control of lands and benefits. History Edit. As he left no male descendants, the land had no heir and was occupied by the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. Daughter of Duke Georg Wilhelm of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Celle and Eleonore d'Olbreuse. Regent on behalf of his son after the death of his grandfather. Brother of Christian Louis, George William and John Frederick. English: Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Latin Henricus, died 14 October 1416), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called Henry the Mild, was prince of Lüneburg from 1388 to 1409 jointly with his brother Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, from 1400 to 1409 also of Wolfenbüttel, and from 1409 until his death sole prince of Lüneburg. 26,504 (5.5%) people were Catholic, 4720 (0.97%) adhered to Reformed churches. According to the 1885 census, 84.90% (316,208 people) of the Duchy's inhabitants held citizenship of Brunswick, while 54,738 people (14.70%) were citizens of other German states. Imprisoned by his brother William, who took his place. In 1910, the Duchy of Brunswick had a population of 494,339 people. In 1692, he was appointed, The electorship became effective under his rule. Coins: Brunswick-Lüneburg. 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